@article{Zhang_Han_2020, title={High intensity focused ultrasound enhances anti-tumor immunity through promoting CD4 Th1 effector T cell response}, volume={1}, url={https://stemedicine.org/index.php/stem/article/view/65}, DOI={10.37175/stemedicine.v1i4.65}, abstractNote={<p>Background: Melanoma accounts for more than 80% of deaths from all dermatologic cancers, mainly due to its widespread metastasis. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising technique for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the efficacy of HIFU against melanoma and the underlying mechanisms.</p> <p>Methods: A melanoma allograft mouse model was established to examine the tumor progression and survival rate. Anti-tumor immunity was determined by measuring cytokines, regulatory T cells (Tregs), Th17 cells and CD8+ effector T cells. Western blot, qPCR, RNAi and luciferase assay were performed to confirm the expression and regulation of microRNA (miR)-9-5p and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).</p> <p>Results: HIFU exposure significantly suppressed melanoma growth and metastasis by activating interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion, inhibiting Tregs and Th17 cells, and stimulating CD8+ effector T cells. TGF-β was a direct target of miR-9-5p. The anti-tumor effect of HIFU might be mediated through the miR-9-5p/TGF-β pathway.</p> <p>Conclusion: HIFU activates anti-tumor response and alters tumor microenvironment, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.</p&gt;}, number={4}, journal={STEMedicine}, author={Zhang, Haiying and Han, Kun}, year={2020}, month={Sep.}, pages={e65} }